The distance of different values from the central value is called dispersion (or scatter or variation or variability). The measure of dispersion are called averages of second order.
Measures of dispersion
According to Bowley, "Dispersion is the measure of the variation of the items."
According to Spigel, "The degree to which numerical data tend to spread about an average value is called the variation or dispersion of data."
According to Simpson and Kafka, "The measurement of the scatterness of the mass of figures in a series about an average is called measure of variation or dispersion."
According to John I Grifin, "A measure of variation or dispersion discribes the degree of scatter shown by observation and is usually measured as an average deviation about some central value.
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